Queen Elizabeth

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 - 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from November 17, 1558 until her death. Sometimes called "The Virgin Queen", "Gloriana", or "Good Queen Bess", Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed three years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Perhaps for that reason, her brother, Edward VI, cut her out of the succession. His will, however, was set aside, and in 1558 Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister, the Catholic Mary, during part of whose reign she had been imprisoned on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.

The defeat of the Spanish armada in 1588 associated her name forever with what is popularly viewed as one of the greatest victories in British history. Within twenty years of her death, she was being celebrated as the ruler of a golden age, an image that retains its hold on the English people. Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era, famous above all for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake and John Hawkins.

Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity to the point where many of her subjects were relieved at her death. Elizabeth is however acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor, in an age when government was ramshackle and limited and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones. Such was the case with Elizabeth's rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, whom she imprisoned in 1568 and eventually executed in 1587. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's brother and sister, her forty-five years on the throne provided valuable stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity. (Wikipedia)

The great Sarah Bernhardt as Queen Elizabeth (1912), a French silent directed by Henri Desfontaines & Louis Mercanton.

Florence Eldridge as Elizabeth in Mary of Scotland (1936), directed by John Ford and starring Katharine Hepburn as Mary Stuart and Fredric March as Lord Bothwell.

Flora Robson as the Queen in Fire Over England (1937) starring Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh, directed by William K. Howard. Robson would reprise her role in The Sea Hawk (1940).

Hollywood legends Bette Davis and Errol Flynn in The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939) directed by Michael Curtiz, also starring Olivia De Havilland, Donald Crisp and Vincent Price as Sir Walter Raleigh. Nominated for 5 Oscars.

One of the great swashbucklers, The Sea Hawk (1940) stars Errol Flynn as Geoffrey Thorpe and Flora Robson as Queen Elizabeth, also starring Claude Rains, Brenda Marshall, Donald Crisp and Henry Daniell as Lord Wolfingham, directed by Michael Curtiz.

Jean Simmons as young Elizabeth, Deborah Kerr as Catherine Parr and Stewart Granger as Thomas Seymour in Young Bess (1953) directed by George Sidney.

The Virgin Queen (1955). Bette Davis stars as 'old' Elizabeth, her second stab at the role. Directed by Henry Koster and also starring Richard Todd as Sir Walter Raleigh.

Rod Taylor as Sir Francis Drake and Irene Worth as Queen Elizabeth in Seven Seas to Calais (1962) directed by Rudolph Mate.

 

Mary, Queen of Scots (1971) starring Vanessa Redgrave as Mary and Glenda Jackson as Elizabeth, directed by Charles Jarrott, also starring Patrick McGoohan and Timothy Dalton. Nominated for 5 Oscars.

Miranda Richardson as Queen Elizabeth in the classic comedy series Blackadder II (1986) starring Rowan Atkinson as Edmund Blackadder and Tony Robinson as Baldrick.

Cate Blanchett in her Oscar-nominated role, Elizabeth (1998) directed by Shekhar Kapur and also starring Geoffrey Rush, Joseph Fiennes and Richard Attenborough. Nominated for Best Picture.

Dame Judi Dench won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth in Shakespeare in Love (1998) directed by John Madden and starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Joseph Fiennes (as Shakespeare), Geoffrey Rush, Tom Wilkinson and Ben Affleck. The film also won Oscars for Best Picture and Best Actress (Paltrow).

Cate Blanchett received a second Oscar nomination for playing the Queen in Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) directed by Shekhar Kapur and also starring Geoffrey Rush, Rhys Ifans and Clive Owen as Sir Walter Raleigh. Oscar winner for Costume Design.

Joely Richardson as Young Elizabeth (top picture) and Joely's mother Vanessa Redgrave as Old Elizabeth in Anonymous (2011) directed by Roland Emmerich and starring Rhys Ifans, David Thewlis and Rafe Spall as William Shakespeare. Oscar nomination for Costume Design.

King Henry VIII

Henry VIII (1491 – 1547) was king of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was lord, and later king, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, Henry VII.

In 1509 his father died making him King of England before his 18th birthday. Shortly before his coronation he married his brothers widow Catherine of Aragon. Over the next 20 years she gave birth to many children but only one of them survived. That baby would eventually become Queen Mary I (or Bloody Mary)

Henry was not a faithful husband and had many affairs during his marriage to Catherine. In 1519 an affair with Elizabeth Blount led to the birth of Henry Fitzroy.

Sometime in the mid 1520's Henry met Anne Boleyn who was the sister of his mistress Mary. He was captivated by her and for many years tried to get a divorce from Catherine so that he could marry Anne. Finally in 1533 they married and in September of that year they had a daughter who would be Queen Elizabeth.

Three years later Henry had Anne beheaded for incest and adultery and shortly afterward married Jane Seymour. A year later they had a son, Edward, before she died of childbirth fever. Henry married three more times, divorced one wife (Anne of Cleves), beheaded another (Catherine Howard) , and almost beheaded his last wife Catherine Parr. He died in 1547, aged 55, and was succeeded by his son Edward. (IMDB)

Emil Jannings as Henry VIII in Anne Boleyn (1920) directed by Ernst Lubitsch.

Charles Laughton won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the king in The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) directed by Alexander Korda.

Montagu Love as Henry in The Prince and the Pauper (1937) directed by William Keighley and starring Errol Flynn.

The Trial of Anne Boleyn (1952) a TV production starring Rex Harrison as the King and Lili Palmer as Anne Boleyn.

Walt Disneys The Sword and the Rose (1953), starring Richard Todd, Glynis Johns and James Robertson Justice as King Henry, directed by Ken Annakin.

Charles Laughton reprised his role of Henry VIII in Young Bess (1953) directed by George Sidney and starring Jean Simmons, Stewart Granger and Deborah Kerr.

Robert Shaw as King Henry and Paul Scofield as Thomas More in the Oscar-winning A Man for All Seasons (1966), directed by Fred Zinnemann.

Anne of the Thousand Days (1969) starring Richard Burton as Henry and Genevieve Bujold as the doomed Anne Boleyn, directed by Charles Jarrott.

Sid James as the king in Carry on Henry (1971) directed by Gerald Thomas.

Henry VIII and His Six Wives (1972) directed by Waris Hussein and starring Keith Michell.

Charlton Heston as Henry in The Prince and the Pauper (1977) aka Crossed Swords, directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Oliver Reed, Raquel Welch and Mark Lester.

Ray Winstone as the king and Helena Bonham Carter as Anne Boleyn in the made for TV movie Henry VIII (2003) directed by Pete Travis and also starring Charles Dance and Mark Strong.

The Other Boleyn Girl (2008) starring Eric Bana as Henry Tudor, Natalie Portman as Anne Boleyn and Scarlett Johansson as Mary Boleyn.

Jonathan Rhys Meyers as King Henry in the Emmy award-winning TV series The Tudors (2007-2010) created by Michael Hirst.